第1章 赛克斯-皮科阴影下的博弈

Game in the Shadow of Sykes-Picot

In the ancient and mysterious land of the Fertile Crescent, two world wars, like two devastating earthquakes, completely reshaped the trajectory of Middle Eastern history. A Century of Middle East Events takes readers on a journey through time and space, witnessing this region's arduous journey through turmoil and transformation.

After World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and the Middle East was brutally divided among the great powers in the Sykes-Picot Agreement. British and French colonial rule and the rise of Zionism sowed the seeds of conflict in Palestine. The Arab Revolt, while igniting hopes for independence, was ultimately shattered by power struggles. Kemal Ataturk established a secular republic in Turkey, and the House of Saud unified the Arabian Peninsula. A new political landscape was painstakingly constructed from the ruins.

The smoke of World War II spread to the Middle East, where it became a crucial battlefield between the Allies and the Axis powers. The pro-German coup in Iraq, the Allied occupation of Iran, and the life-or-death struggle at El Alamein—each event profoundly influenced the course of the war. Simultaneously, the oil economy began to rise. Saudi Arabia's oil fields and Iraq's pipelines further strengthened the Middle East's strategic importance.

In the alternation of war and peace, the wave of nationalism surged, with Egypt's Nasser Revolution, the rise of Syria's Baath Party, and Iran's oil nationalization movement. The countries in the Middle East continued to explore the path of independence and development. However, the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the intensification of sectarian conflicts plunged this land into new turmoil.

在新月沃土这片古老而神秘的土地上，两次世界大战如同两场剧烈的地震，彻底重塑了中东的历史轨迹。《中东百年风云录》将带读者穿越时空，见证这片土地在动荡与变革中艰难前行的壮阔历程。
一战后，奥斯曼帝国轰然倒塌，中东被列强以一纸《赛克斯 - 皮科协定》粗暴瓜分，英法的殖民统治与犹太复国主义的崛起，在巴勒斯坦埋下了冲突的火种。阿拉伯大起义虽曾燃起独立的希望，却终在强权博弈中破碎。凯末尔在土耳其缔造世俗共和国，沙特家族统一阿拉伯半岛，新的政治格局在废墟上艰难构建。
二战的硝烟弥漫至中东，这里成为同盟国与轴心国争夺的重要战场。伊拉克的亲德政变、伊朗的盟军占领、阿拉曼战役的生死较量，每一场事件都深刻影响着战争走向。与此同时，石油经济开始崛起，沙特的油田、伊拉克的输油管道，让中东的战略地位愈发重要。
战争与和平的交替中，民族主义浪潮汹涌澎湃，埃及的纳赛尔革命、叙利亚的复兴党崛起、伊朗的石油国有化运动，中东各国在寻求独立与发展的道路上不断探索。但阿以冲突的爆发、教派矛盾的激化，又让这片土地陷入新的动